ABSTRACT
Background: Birth of healthy term baby depends on normal placenta. IUGR is a condition associated with placental insufficiency. There is a close relationship between IUGR and placental qualitative changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological and histological changes in placentas of IUGR fetuses and in placentas of normal uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine the relationship that exists between morphological change and frequency of IUGR.Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, GMC Jammu, a total of 60 placenta were received, 30 placenta of IUGR fetus (group 1-case) and 30 placenta of uncomplicated pregnancy with normal single fetus (group 2-control). Exclusion criteria: Twin pregnancy, gestational hypertension, diabetes, congenital anomaly, antepartum hemorrhage and systemic disorder.Results: Placental weights in IUGR group were significantly lower than control group. Average placental weight in IUGR group was 425 gms while in the control group (normal placenta) it was 550 gms. Infarction, intervillous thrombosis, chorionic villitis, hemorrhagic endovasculitis, placental intravascular thrombi, perivillous fibrin deposition, fibrinoid necrosis and villous edema were found to be more common in IUGR group (Group 1-case group) than Normal (Group 2- control group).Conclusions: This study highlightened that significant pathological differences were found between the placentas of IUGR fetus and normal fetus. The gross and microscopic measurement of a placenta is a good way to get proper information about IUGR and helps in management of the pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
La cápsula endoscópica es un método, que ha modificado el enfoque diagnóstico de numerosos procesos patológicos en el intestino delgado, sin embargo presenta complicaciones como la retención de la misma. Se estima en la literatura mundial que esta suele ocurrir en menos del 2% de los casos. Femenino de 40 años de edad, con antecedente de cáncer de cuello uterino (2011) en tratamiento con quimioterapia, radioterapia convencional y braquiterapia, que presenta cuadro clínico caracterizado por dolor urente en mesogastrio, y emesis de aspecto biliosos. Ruidos hidroaéreos presentes, dolor a la palpación de mesogastrio sin irritación peritoneal. Radiografía de abdomen y ecosonograma abdominal normales. TAC abdomino pélvica con contraste oral con adecuada progresión de contraste hasta el recto. Se practica gastroscopia y colonoscopia sin evidencia de alteraciones. En vista de persistencia de sintomatología se indica realización de cápsula endoscópica observando en íleon distal, a los 246 minutos del paso duodenal, área muy congestiva, con una úlcera circunferencial friable, que no permite el avance de la misma. Se indica tratamiento médico con laxantes por 72 horas, el cual es infructuoso, por lo cual es llevada a mesa operatoria por presentar signos francos de obstrucción intestinal. Los hallazgos fueron: adherencias en flanco y fosa ilíaca derecha, las cuales fueron liberadas, y segmento de íleon a 10 cm de la válvula ileocecal con inflamación franca, practicándose resección y anastomosis termino-lateral. El estudio histopatológico reportó enteritis crónica activa exulcerada, necrosis fibrinoide de pequeños vasos, y fibrosis en la submucosa. Paciente con post-operatorio exitoso decidiéndose el egreso de la institución. Excelente correlación entre los hallazgos de la cápsula endoscópica y la intervención quirúrgica. Los hallazgos de la cirugía se encuentran relacionados al uso de radioterapia convencional, por lo cual recomendamos la realización de pexia...
Capsule endoscopy is a method that has changed the diagnostic approach to many pathological processes in the small intestine, but it has complications such as retention of the same, is estimated in the literature that this usually occurs in less than 2% cases. Women 40 years of age, with a history of cervical cancer (2011) undergoing chemotherapy, conventional radiation therapy, and brachytherapy, presenting clinical picture characterized by burning pain in midgut, and bilious emesis aspect. Present bowel sounds, tenderness of mesogastrium without peritoneal irritation. Abdominal radiography and abdominal ultrasonography normal. Pelvic CT with oral contrast Abdomino with progression adequate contrast to the rectum. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy was performed without evidence of tampering. In view of the persistence of symptoms embodiment shown in watching endoscopic capsule distal ileum, to 246 minutes of step duodenal study, very congestive area with a circumferential friable ulcer which does not allow the advance thereof. Indicated medical treatment with laxatives for 72 hours being fruitless, operating table being carried by presenting overt signs of intestinal obstruction. The findings were: adhesions flank and right lower quadrant, which were released and ileal segment 10 cm from the ileocecal valve with frank inflammation resection and end-side anastomosis. Histopathological study reported chronic active enteritis exulcerada, fibrinoid necrosis of small vessels, and fibrosis in the submucosa. Postoperative patient deciding successful graduation from the institution. Excellent correlation between the findings of capsule endoscopy and surgery. The findings at surgery are related to the use of conventional radiotherapy, so we recommend an pexia of the organs that are in the radiation field, prior to it, and intestinal transit before indicating capsule endoscopy
Subject(s)
Female , Middle Aged , Brachytherapy/methods , Capsule Endoscopy/adverse effects , Capsule Endoscopy/methods , Enteritis/complications , Enteritis/diagnosis , Intestine, Small/injuries , Necrosis/pathology , GastroenterologyABSTRACT
It has been recently shown that calcium channel blockers might have a protective effect on cardiac fibrogenesis induced by aldosterone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, against heart and kidney damage caused by aldosterone-high sodium intake in uninephrectomized rats. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: CNEP (uninephrectomized + 1 percent NaCl in the drinking water, N = 9); ALDO (same as CNEP group plus continuous infusion of 0.75 µg/h aldosterone, N = 12); ALDOF (same as ALDO group plus 30 mg·kg-1·day-1 felodipine in the drinking water, N = 10). All results were compared with those of age-matched, untreated rats (CTL group, N = 10). After 6 weeks, tail cuff blood pressure was recorded and the rats were killed for histological analysis. Blood pressure (mmHg) was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in ALDO (180 ± 20) and ALDOF (168 ± 13) compared to CTL (123 ± 12) and CNEP (134 ± 13). Heart damage (lesion scores - median and interquartile range) was 7.0 (5.5-8.0) in ALDO and was fully prevented in ALDOF (1.5; 1.0-2.0). Also, left ventricular collagen volume fraction ( percent) in ALDOF (2.9 ± 0.5) was similar to CTL (2.9 ± 0.5) and CNEP (3.4 ± 0.4) and decreased compared to ALDO (5.1 ± 1.6). Felodipine partially prevented kidney injury since the damage score for ALDOF (2.0; 2.0-3.0) was significantly decreased compared to ALDO (7.5; 4.0-10.5), although higher than CTL (null score). Felodipine has a protective effect on the myocardium and kidney as evidenced by decreased perivascular inflammation, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis.